2017年托福听力科学美国人60秒：过度冷却器官

　　科学美国人60秒中英文翻译：过度冷却器官
　　If you need a new liver, doctors have about twelve hours to transport it from a donor.
　　That ticking clock severely limits the ability of doctors to get organs to patients.
　　Now researchers have demonstrated a method that kept rat livers viable up to four days.
　　The scientists lowered the livers to below freezing temperatures, while flooding the tissue with antifreeze chemicals to prevent the formation of damaging ice crystals.
　　But such cooling alone is not sufficient, due in part to the liver's wide variety of cell types and functions.
　　So the researchers also used machine perfusion:
　　器官移植.jpg
　　as the livers were cooled they were flushed with solutions that kept them operational.
　　They were perfused again as they were brought back to above-freezing temps.
　　All the rats that were implanted with 3-day-old livers survived for three months.
　　Nearly 60 percent of the rats with four-day-old livers survived.
　　In contrast, no rats that received 3- and 4-day-old livers preserved by currently used methods survived.
　　This work is an early step toward creating a system that could work in humans, which would dramatically improve the chances of getting organs to people who desperately need them.
　　科学美国人60秒英文文本
　　科学美国人60秒中文翻译：
　　如果你需要一个新的肝脏，医生有大约12个小时的时间从捐赠者那里将器官运送过来。
　　时间对于医生为病人移植器官的能力起到了至关重要的作用。
　　现在研究人员展示的方法可以将鲜活的老鼠肝脏保存4天。
　　科学家们将肝脏温度降低到冰点以下，并把防冻剂喷洒在组织上，避免造成破坏性的冰晶形成。
　　但是考虑到肝脏的各细胞类型及功能运作，仅仅这样的冷却是不够的。
　　所以研究人员也使用了机器进行灌注：
　　随着肝脏被冷却，他们同步进行保持所有细胞和功能运作的方案。
　　当把肝脏被带到高于冰点的环境中时，他们会再灌注一次。
　　所有那些被移植已经保存3天肝脏的老鼠都活了3个月。
　　几乎60%被植入保存的肝脏的老鼠都活了下来。
　　相反，那些被移植了用一般方法保存3天或4天肝脏的老鼠，都没有幸存。
　　这项研究是对适用于人体统的一个初步尝试，如果成功就可以极大提高急需器官移植病人成功救治的机率。托福考试(TOEFL)