英语翻译During the transition period,the composition of incomes was affected by the following measures:abolishment of the previous confiscated profit transfer tax in 1990 and its replacement with a profit tax,which was reformed in 1991 and again

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英语翻译During the transition period,the composition of incomes was affected by the following measures:abolishment of the previous confiscated profit transfer tax in 1990 and its replacement with a profit tax,which was reformed in 1991 and again
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英语翻译During the transition period,the composition of incomes was affected by the following measures:abolishment of the previous confiscated profit transfer tax in 1990 and its replacement with a profit tax,which was reformed in 1991 and again
英语翻译
During the transition period,the composition of incomes was affected by the
following measures:abolishment of the previous confiscated profit transfer tax in
1990 and its replacement with a profit tax,which was reformed in 1991 and again in
August 1994 (currently,the rate is 38 percent); replacement of the inefficient
turnover tax with VAT in July 1993,initially with a single rate of 18 percent,
followed by introduction of a minimum level of 9 percent in 1994 for certain food
items and medicines,and its readjustment in February 1998 by increasing this level
from 9 to 11%,and from 18 to 22%,replaced in 1999 by a unique level of 18%;
replacement of the former wage tax based on the economy-wide gross average wage
with an individual wage tax; broadening of the tax base by substantially reducing the
number of exemptions; delay in enforcement during 1999 of some regulations on the uncheon vouchers and of the tax incentives to strategic investors.Tax reforms,
which have started in 1998,changed the structure of the taxes,the indirect taxes
becoming majoritary.The top priority for the year 2000 will be to enforce the
personal income tax that will encompass all sources of personal income.
On the expenditures’ side,in the first years of transition a few major
decisions were taken to formulate a public expenditure strategy.They included the
increased routing of expenditures through newly-established extra-budgetary funds
and accounts; improved transparency and accountability since 1993,when these
special extra-budgetary funds were incorporated into the annual Budget Law;
establishment of the Treasury Directorate and of a Public-Debt Directorate; control
over expenditures in 1993-95 by freezing or approving some of them depending on
the resources available,save expenditures on wages and salaries,pensions,benefits,
welfare payments; the sharp cut in subsidies and transfers and their transparent
incorporation into the government budget.
Therefore,during 1990-98,the revenues and expenditures as a percentage of
GDP fluctuated within a margin of as much as 32% to 42%.The composition of
expenditures shows the swift pace of self-sustaining public debt through ever-
increasing costs incurred by public debt service,reaching 6.25% share-to-GDP ratio
in the first half of 1999 from 0.2% in 1992.Transparent subsidies granted from the
government budget to state-owned enterprises undergoing restructuring,and with the
abolition of the window for financing the quasi-fiscal deficit through direct credits
and interest-rate subsidies in 1992 to 1996,enabled the policy-makers to assess the
real size of the economic imbalances and to implement several corrective measures.

英语翻译During the transition period,the composition of incomes was affected by the following measures:abolishment of the previous confiscated profit transfer tax in 1990 and its replacement with a profit tax,which was reformed in 1991 and again
在过渡时期,收入的组成是受以下措施:在1990年以前被没收的利润转移税,并取消其与利润税,这是改革在1991年和1994年8月再次更换(现率百分之三十八),与增值税的低效营业税取代1993年7月,最初的百分之十八,单一税率,由1百分之九,1994年的最低水平,一些食品和药品引进后,其1998年2月调整增加这9级至11%,和18日至22%,取代1999年的18%独特的水平,前工资税对经济的替代全总与个人工资税平均工资为基础;扩大税基的大幅减少豁免的数目;在一些对uncheon券条例和1999年的税收优惠,在执行上的延误向战略投资者.税收改革,在1998年开始,改变了税收结构,间接税成为majoritary.在2000年的首要任务将是执行个人所得税,将包括所有的个人收入来源的支出'的一面.,在过渡期的头几年一些重大决策被带到制订公共开支策略.这些措施包括通过新成立的预算外资金和帐户的支出增加了路由;提高透明度,并自1993年以来,当这些特殊的预算外资金被纳入年度预算法内的责任;设立局和财政部的公债务局;控制支出1993-95冻结或批准现有的资源,其中一些具体节省工资和薪金,退休金,福利支出,福利支出,在补贴和转移支付和透明纳入大幅削减到政府预算.因此,在1990年至1998年,收入和国内生产总值的百分比支出的波动范围内高达32%至42%的保证金.支出结构表明在1999年上半年的0.2%在1992年迅速步伐自我维持的,通过不断的公共债务,公共债务增加的成本支出,达到6.25%的市场份额,占GDP的比重.透明的补助金从政府预算中的国有企业正在进行重组,并在经费筹措准通过直接贷款和利率补贴率在1992年至1996年的财政赤字窗口取消,使决策者评估实际规模的经济失衡,并实施了若干纠正措施.

在过渡时期,收入的组成影响
采取以下措施:前没收的利润转移税的取消
1990年及其与利润税,这是改革于1991年再次更换
1994年8月(目前税率为百分之三十八),更换的效率
流转税和增值税,1993年7月,最初的百分之十八,单一税率,
其次为百分之九,1994年的最低水平,一些食品介绍
项目和药品,并在1998年2月的调整,增加本级 <...

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在过渡时期,收入的组成影响
采取以下措施:前没收的利润转移税的取消
1990年及其与利润税,这是改革于1991年再次更换
1994年8月(目前税率为百分之三十八),更换的效率
流转税和增值税,1993年7月,最初的百分之十八,单一税率,
其次为百分之九,1994年的最低水平,一些食品介绍
项目和药品,并在1998年2月的调整,增加本级
9日至11%,和18日至22%,取代1999年的18%独特的水平;
前工资税替代基于整个经济的平均工资总额
与个人工资税的税基大幅减少
数豁免,在一些对uncheon券条例和1999年的税收优惠,在执行上的延误向战略投资者。税制改革
已开始在1998年,改变了税收结构,间接税
成为majoritary。在2000年的首要任务将是执行
个人所得税的,将包括个人所有收入来源。
在支出'方面,在过渡期几个主要的最初几年
作出了决定,制订公共开支策略。它们包括
增加支出的路由,通过新成立的预算外资金
和帐目;提高透明度和问责制自1993年以来,当这些
特别预算外资金纳入了年度预算法;
建立局和财政部的公共债务局;控制
在1993-95超过支出冻结或批准其中一些取决于
现有的资源,节省工资和薪金,退休金,福利支出,
福利金;的补贴和转移支付和透明的大幅削减
纳入政府预算。
因此,在1990年至九八年,收入和支出的百分比
国内生产总值的波动范围内高达32%至42%的保证金。的组成情况
支出显示了迅速的步伐自我维持的,通过不断的公共债务
增加公共债务服务费用,达到6.25%的市场份额占GDP的比率
在1999年上半年的0.2%于1992年。透明的补助金从
政府预算的国有企业正在进行重组,并与
取消了筹资准通过直接信贷财政赤字窗口
和利率补贴率在1992年至1996年,使决策者评估
实际规模的经济失衡,并实施了若干纠正措施。

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