作业帮虚拟语气是什么呢?什么时候用呢?
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虚拟语气是什么呢?什么时候用呢?
虚拟语气是什么呢?什么时候用呢?
虚拟语气是什么呢?什么时候用呢?
虚拟语气的用法
虚拟语气表示一种假设的情况,或一种主观的愿望,即动词所表示的动作或状态并非事实,或不可能实现.英语虚拟语气的形式有下列几种：
一、与现在事实相反
连接词 条件从句 结果从句
If 1.动词过去式(或were)
2.助动词（过去式）+动词原形 Should
Would +动词原形
could
might
If had the time, John would make a trip to China to see the Great Wall.
If I were you, I would give up drinking immediately.
二.与将来事实相反
连接词 条件从句 结果从句
If 1. should+动词原形
2. 动词过去式
3、were to+动词原形 Should
Would +动词原形
could
might
If you should lose, what would you do?
If I were to see her tomorrow, I would tell her thetruth.
If you went there next time, you would see what I mean.
三、与过去事实相反
连接词 条件从句 结果从句
If had+过去分词 Should
Would + have+过去分词
could
might
If I’d dnown that it was going to rain, I would never have gone for a walk in the country.
四、虚拟语气的几种特殊用法
省掉if的条件从句结构：
Had you asked me, I would have told you. (=If you had asked me,…)
2.有时虚拟条件不用条件从句而用不定式、分词、介词、名词、连接词或定语从句来表示,如：
A true friend would not do such a thing.
(=If he were a true friend, he...)
(=If there were no water,…)
(=If you hadn’t helped me,…)
3. 有时条件从句中的动作和结果从句中的动作发生的时间不一致,如：
If he had followed the doctor’s advice, he would be quite all right now.
If I were you, I would have gone home.
虚拟条件句的三种基本类型：与现在事实相反、与过去事实相反、与将来事实相反.
条件句有真实条件句和非真实(虚拟)条件句两种.真实条件句所表示的假设是有可能发生的,而非真实条件句则通常表示一种假想,与事实相反或不大可能会发生：
If I have time, I will go with them. 假若我有时间,我就同他们去.(陈述语气)
If I were you, I would go with them. 假若我是你,我就同他们去.(虚拟语气)
▲ 与现在事实相反
若与现在事实相反,条件从句的谓语用过去式(be通常用were),主句谓语用“should (would, could, might)+动词原形”：
If I knew her number ,I could ring her up. 要是我知道她的电话号码,我就可以给她打电话了.(可惜我不知道)
▲与过去事实相反
若与过去事实相反,条件从句的谓语用过去完成时(had+过去分词),主句谓语用“should (would, could, might)+have+过去分词”：
If I’d left sooner,I’d have been on time. 要是我早点动身,我就准时到了.(但我动身太迟了)
▲与将来事实相反
若与将来事实相反,条件从句的谓语用过去式(be通常用were),主句谓语用“should (would, could, might)+动词原形”：
If I asked him,I’m sure he’d help us. 如果我向他提出要求,肯定他会帮助我们.(不过我不打算这样做)
注：几点特别说明
① 主句谓语中的should主要用于第一人称后.would, might, could的大致区别是：would表示结果,might表示可能性,could表示能力、允许或可能性.比较：
If you tried again ,you would succeed. 要是你再试一试,你就会成功的.(would表结果)
If you tried again, you might succeed. 要是你再试一试,你可能会成功的.(might表可能)
If you tried again ,you could succeed. 要是你再试一试,你就能成功了.(could表能力)
④ 对于与将来事实相反的情形,请注意以下几点：一是这里说的与将来事实相反,实为对将来情况的推测；二是此用法中的条件从句谓语除用过去式外,有时也用“should+动词原形”(表示可能性极小,常译为“万一”)或“were to+动词原形”(表示与将来事实相反的假设)；三是当条件从句使用“should+动词原形”这样的谓语时,主句谓语除可用“should (would, could, might)+动词原形”这样的虚拟语气外,也可用直陈语气或祈使语气：
If it should rain tomorrow, don’t expect me. 万一明天下雨,就不要等我了.（祈使语气）
If I should see him, I’ll tell him. 万一我见到他,我就告诉他.（直陈语气）
2、错综时间虚拟条件句
所谓错综时间虚拟条件句即条件从句与主句所指时间不一致,如从句指过去,而主句即指的是现在或将来,此时应根据具体的语境情况,结合上面提到的三种基本类型对时态作相应的调整：
If it had rained last night, the ground would be wet now. 要是昨晚下过雨的话,现在地面就会是湿的.
You would be much better now if you had taken my advice. 假若你当时听我的话,你现在就会好多了.
3、wish后宾语从句用虚拟语气
▲ 用法说明
动词wish后接宾语从句时,从句谓语要用虚拟语气.若要表示与现在事实相反的愿望,从句谓语用一般过去时或过去进行时；若表示与过去相反的愿望,从句谓语用过去完成时或would / could+have +过去分词；若表示将来没有把握或不太可能实现的愿望,用would (could)＋动词原形.如：
注：特别注意
从句的时态只与从句所指的时间有关,而与wish的时态无关,比较：
I wish I were rich. 要是我现在有钱就好了.
I wish I had been rich. 要是那时我有钱就好了.
I wished I were rich. 当时我后悔自己没有钱.
I wished I had been rich. 当时我后悔自己曾经没有钱.
4、if only后的句子用虚拟语气
if only 与 I wish一样,也用于表示与事实相反的愿望,其后所虚拟语气的时态与 wish后所接时态的情况相同：
If only she had had more courage! 她再勇敢一些就好了.
If only I had listened to my parents! 我要是当时听了父母的话就好了.
If only she would go with me! 她要是愿意和我一道去就好了!
注：if only 通常独立使用,没有主句.
5、as if (though) 从句用虚拟语气
▲ 基本用法
以as if (as though)引导的方式状语从句或表语从句,有时用虚拟语气,若表示与现在事实相反,谓语动词用一般过去时；若表示与过去事实相反,用过去完成时；表示将来的可能性不大,用would (might, could)+动词原形：
He acts as if he knew me. 他显得认识我似的.
They treat me as though I were a stranger. 他们待我如陌生人.
He talks as if he had been abroad. 他说起话来好像曾经出过国.
这里不全,因为有字数限制.我给你上传个完整的word附件,你可以参考一下!O(∩_∩)O